Blood Pressure

The validation reports for this parameter is available on request:

BLOOD PRESSURE

The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels to all parts of the body. Blood Pressure (BP) is generated by the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers: systolic BP, the highest pressure (normal range 90-130 mmHg) in blood vessels when the heart contracts, and diastolic BP, the lowest pressure (normal range 60-90 mmHg) in blood vessels when the heart muscle relaxes.

Hypertension, also known as high or raised BP, is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. Elevated BP is the most important risk factor for death and disability worldwide, affecting more than one billion individuals and causing an estimated 9.4 million deaths every year. Given the importance of ambulatory BP as highlighted in many recent studies, continuous monitoring in daily life is essential for accurate BP and cardiovascular health diagnosis. However, the conventional cuff-based method is impractical due to its inconvenient and cumbersome nature.

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive, simple, and low-cost tool that can reflect blood flow in blood vessels and blood volume changes. The PPG waveform comprises a pulsatile ('AC') physiological waveform attributed to blood volume changes with each heartbeat, superimposed on a slowly varying ('DC') baseline with various lower frequency components attributed to respiration, sympathetic nervous system activity, and thermoregulation. PPG technology has been used in a wide range of commercially available medical devices to measure blood pressure, oxygen saturation, cardiac output, and to assess autonomic function.

Camera-based approaches enable the derivation of remote PPG (rPPG) signals, allowing for non-invasive BP measurement. Various methods relying on machine learning techniques have recently been published. Our BP algorithm uses the PPG signal recorded from facial skin tissue (rPPG). The algorithm extracts face video images, produces an rPPG signal, analyzes the data using AI, and provides the end user with real-time BP measurements